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The Resource Tracking Model has been updated to capture system manager and project manager inputs. Both the Trick/General Use Nodal Network Solver Resource Tracking Model (RTM) simulator and the RTM mass balance spreadsheet have b...
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The Resource Tracking Model has been updated to capture system manager and project manager inputs. Both the Trick/General Use Nodal Network Solver Resource Tracking Model (RTM) simulator and the RTM mass balance spreadsheet have been revised to address inputs from system managers and to refine the way mass balance is illustrated. The revisions to the RTM included the addition of a Plasma Pyrolysis Assembly (PPA) to recover hydrogen from Sabatier Reactor methane, which was vented in the prior version of the RTM. The effect of the PPA on the overall balance of resources in an exploration vehicle is illustrated in the increased recycle of vehicle oxygen. Case studies have been run to show the relative effect of performance changes on vehicle resources.
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A simulation model has been developed to track water resources in an exploration vehicle using Regenerative Life Support (RLS) systems. The Resource Tracking Model (RTM) integrates the functions of all the vehicle components that ...
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A simulation model has been developed to track water resources in an exploration vehicle using Regenerative Life Support (RLS) systems. The Resource Tracking Model (RTM) integrates the functions of all the vehicle components that affect the processing and recovery of water during simulated missions. The approach used in developing the RTM enables its use as part of a complete vehicle simulation for real time mission studies. Performance data for the components in the RTM is focused on water processing. The data provided to the model has been based on the most recent information available regarding the technology of the component. This paper will describe the process of defining the RLS system to be modeled, the way the modeling environment was selected, and how the model has been implemented. Results showing how the RLS components exchange water are provided in a set of test cases.
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On-demand mobility (ODM) through aviation refers to the ability to quickly and easily move people or equivalent cargo without delays introduced by lack of, or infrequently, scheduled service. A necessary attribute of ODM is that i...
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On-demand mobility (ODM) through aviation refers to the ability to quickly and easily move people or equivalent cargo without delays introduced by lack of, or infrequently, scheduled service. A necessary attribute of ODM is that it be easy to use, requiring a minimum of special training, skills, or workload. Fully-autonomous vehicles would provide the ultimate in ease-of-use (EU) but are currently unproven for safety-critical applications outside of a few, situationally constrained applications (e.g. automated trains operating in segregated systems). Applied to aviation, the current and near-future state of the art of full-autonomy, may entail undesirable trade-offs such as very conservative operational margins resulting in reduced trip reliability and transportation utility. Furthermore, acceptance by potential users and regulatory authorities will be challenging without confidence in autonomous systems in developed in less critical, but still challenging applications. A question for the aviation community is how we can best develop practical ease-of-use for aircraft that are sized to carry a small number of passengers (e.g. 1-9) or equivalent cargo. Such development is unlikely to be a single event, but rather a managed, evolutionary process where responsibility and authority transitions from human to automation agents as operational experience is gained with increasingly intelligent systems. This talk presents a technology road map being developed at NASA Langley, as part of an overall strategy to foster ODM, for the development of ease-of-use for ODM aviation.
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The Cooperative Biological Engagement Program (CBEP) within the Department of Defense (DoD) is part of the larger Cooperative Threat Reduction (CTR) program that was initiated at the end of the Cold War. While CTR began in the for...
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The Cooperative Biological Engagement Program (CBEP) within the Department of Defense (DoD) is part of the larger Cooperative Threat Reduction (CTR) program that was initiated at the end of the Cold War. While CTR began in the former Soviet Union (FSU), it has now has expanded beyond its Cold War legacy to address current biological threats of mutual interest to the United States and 20 partner countries in different regions around the world. As the program has evolved since its inception two decades ago, so too have its content and approaches to performance measurement. Congress has shown particular interest in encouraging DoD to improve CTR assessments. Legislation for fiscal year 2010, for example, called on DoD to develop metrics for assessing CTR programs and on the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) to assess DoD's efforts. CBEP leaders approached the RAND National Defense Research Institute to build on existing work related to measurement of program performance, develop a comprehensive evaluation framework, and recommend metrics for assessing and communicating CBEP progress toward program goals. This report details the work we carried out between February and October 2013, including our methods, findings, recommendations, and guidance for implementing and aggregating the recommended metrics.
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The objective with this study is to develop and calibrate an invasive data logger to measure muscle O2 saturation in large, freely diving whales. We intend to use this data logger to measure muscle O2 saturation and determine how ...
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The objective with this study is to develop and calibrate an invasive data logger to measure muscle O2 saturation in large, freely diving whales. We intend to use this data logger to measure muscle O2 saturation and determine how blood flow to muscle is altered during diving. These data will be important to determine if muscle blood flow is reduced during diving, and important to estimate how the dive response affects muscle N2 levels and the risk of decompression sickness (DCS).
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Multifamily deep energy retrofits (DERs) on relatively common building types are valuable research efforts for the U.S. Department of Energy's Building America research program. Such buildings represent great potential for energy ...
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Multifamily deep energy retrofits (DERs) on relatively common building types are valuable research efforts for the U.S. Department of Energy's Building America research program. Such buildings represent great potential for energy savings, and the analysis of such projects provides valuable findings on efficiency measures, cost-effectiveness metrics, and risk factor mitigation strategies. The Bay Ridge energy retrofit project comprised a base scope retrofit with a goal of achieving 30% savings (relative to pre-retrofit), and a DER scope with a goal of 50% savings (relative to pre-retrofit). The base scope has been applied to the entire complex except for one 12-unit building, which underwent the DER scope as well as energy monitoring for a one-year post-retrofit period. This report summarizes commissioning, short-term testing, utility bill data analysis, and results of on-site monitoring with a focus on the three-bedroom base scope and DER units. Findings from the implementation, commissioning, and short-term testing include air infiltration reductions of greater than 60% in the DER building; a hybrid heat pump system with a savings to investment ratio > 1 (relative to a high efficiency furnace) which also provides the resident with added incentive for energy savings; and duct leakage reductions of > 60% using an aerosolized duct sealing approach.
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AAFES proposes to expand the BX on JBA-NAFW, Prince George s County, Maryland. The Proposed Action complies with the JBA-NAFW General Plan and utilizes a site that has previously been developed. Currently, the BX operates in three...
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AAFES proposes to expand the BX on JBA-NAFW, Prince George s County, Maryland. The Proposed Action complies with the JBA-NAFW General Plan and utilizes a site that has previously been developed. Currently, the BX operates in three separate buildings: Home Traditions (Building 1683) constructed in 1973; Four Seasons (Building 1805) constructed in 1983; and the BX (Building 1811) built in 1995. Each separate facility is out-of-date and inconsistent with current installation building codes and industry standards for retail space. Additionally, each facility lacks the adequate physical space necessary to meet the demand from an increasing customer base located both on- and off- installation. Therefore, the need for the Proposed Action is to upgrade retail facilities on-installation to comply with new building and industry standards and to provide adequate space to meet the current and future retail demand for JBA-NAFW. Under the No Action Alternative, AAFES would not construct the new facilities and JBA-NAFW patrons would continue to utilize outdated facilities that have exceeded their useful life and are presently unable to meet customer demand. This EA evaluates the Preferred Alternative and the No Action Alternative. Resources evaluated in this EA include: land use and visual resources; transportation; infrastructure and utilities; geology and soils; water resources; biological resources; socioeconomics, environmental justice, and protection of children; cultural resources; air quality; noise; hazardous material and waste management; and safety and occupational health. No significant impacts would result from implementation of the Proposed Action at the preferred site location or from the No Action Alternative.
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The objective with this study is to develop and calibrate an invasive data logger to measure muscle O2 saturation in large, freely diving whales. We intend to use this data logger to measure muscle O2 saturation and determine how ...
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The objective with this study is to develop and calibrate an invasive data logger to measure muscle O2 saturation in large, freely diving whales. We intend to use this data logger to measure muscle O2 saturation and determine how blood flow to muscle is altered during diving. These data will be important to determine if muscle blood flow is reduced during diving, and important to estimate how the dive response affects muscle N2 levels and the risk of decompression sickness (DCS).
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Recent reports suggest a link between mass stranding of beaked whales and the use of naval mid-frequency sonar. These reports have increased the concern that anthropogenic sound, such as that created by military sonar or during se...
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Recent reports suggest a link between mass stranding of beaked whales and the use of naval mid-frequency sonar. These reports have increased the concern that anthropogenic sound, such as that created by military sonar or during seismic exploration, may harm marine animals, particularly whales and dolphins. Primary issues have centered around direct auditory damage, resonance of gas containing spaces, and increased risk of decompression sickness (DCS) due to alteration in diving behavior or acoustic enhancement of bubble formation and growth. While a recent survey of causes of mortality in Massachusetts suggested that the vast majority of marine mammal strandings are not associated with sonar exposure (Bogomolni et al., 2008), there appears to be a relationship between the use of military sonar and mass strandings of cetaceans (Jepson et al., 2003). This has fueled an intense non-governmental organizational (NGO) scrutiny of the complex relationship between ocean noise, bubble injury and marine mammal strandings. There has also been significant interest in the topic, with a workshop held in Baltimore, MD USA in April 2004 (Cox et al., 2006). The workshop concluded that 'gas-bubble disease, induced in supersaturated tissue by a behavioral response to acoustic exposure, is a plausible mechanism for the morbidity and mortality seen in cetaceans associated with sonar exposure.' The need was stated for further investigation of the onset of lung collapse and its impact on nitrogen (N2) gas kinetics.
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